The pathway
How you actually get there, here
How you become one varies far more by country than what one does. This is the UK route. Most people take one of these ways in; the right one depends on where you're starting from.
- 1
Security Analyst (Level 2)
2-3 yearsSkills to master
- Independently handling Tier 1 & 2 incidents, basic SIEM/EDR tuning, initial threat hunting, and clear incident documentation. You'll have owned a few incidents from start to finish.
You're ready to move on when
- Consistently resolves routine incidents without supervision.
- Proactively identifies areas for improvement in existing detection rules.
- Can clearly articulate the root cause and impact of common security events.
- Has started mentoring new joiners informally.
- 2
IT Support / Network Engineer with Security Focus
3-5 yearsSkills to master
- Deep understanding of network traffic and system internals, experience with firewall rules and network segmentation, and a strong foundational knowledge of common attack vectors. You've probably dealt with malware or phishing incidents from an IT perspective.
You're ready to move on when
- Demonstrates a strong interest and self-study in cybersecurity topics.
- Can troubleshoot complex network and system issues with a security mindset.
- Has implemented security controls (e.g., hardening, patching) in previous roles.
- Understands the impact of security incidents from an operational standpoint.
- 3
Junior Penetration Tester / Red Teamer
2-4 yearsSkills to master
- Excellent understanding of offensive security techniques, vulnerability exploitation, and how to bypass common security controls. This experience gives you a fantastic 'attacker's mindset' for defence.
You're ready to move on when
- Can articulate how different attack techniques work and how to detect them.
- Has experience with various offensive security tools (e.g., Metasploit, Burp Suite).
- Understands the importance of defence in depth and layered security.
- Is keen to apply offensive knowledge to build stronger defences.