United Kingdom · Finance roles · Mid-Level (2-5 years)

Head of Financial Reporting

Here is the whole job, in plain words. What it is, a real day, what you decide, how you're judged, how people get here and where they go next. Then the part no course gives you: twelve AI tutors who learn your work.

  • Experience bandMid-Level (2-5 years)
  • Direct reportsNo direct reports
  • Reports toFinancial Reporting Manager
  • UK framework levelUsually a coordinator, or early in a professional job

Also advertised as Senior Financial Reporting Analyst · Financial Accountant (Reporting Focus) · Reporting Specialist · Assistant Financial Reporting Manager

Built on an analysis of 43,079 real UK job descriptions · grounded in qualifications employers recognise

Start with a free Future Fluency check, tuned to Head of Financial Reporting

Ten quick questions, one per Future Fluency, asked against this role rather than a generic one. About five minutes, and no card.

Start the check, free

1What this role really is

You'll be a key player in making sure our financial numbers are spot on and ready for public consumption. This isn't just about crunching figures; it's about making sure our story is told accurately and on time, every single quarter. You'll be the one digging into the details, preparing the backbone of our external reports, and making sure everything ties out perfectly. It’s a hands-on role where you really get to own significant chunks of the reporting process.

2What you'd actually use

The tools this job runs on, and how well you'd need to know each one.

SAP S/4HANA or Oracle NetSuite (ERP)Advanced

Pulling standard reports, running complex queries, processing journal entries, and understanding the basic module-to-GL data flows. You'll be comfortable troubleshooting reconciliation issues originating in sub-ledgers (AR, AP).

Workiva (Wdesk) or Oracle EPM Cloud (HFM)Advanced

Linking data from Excel into Workiva, navigating the platform to review previously created reports, preparing specific sections of filings, and understanding how data flows into the consolidation engine.

Proficient with VLOOKUP/INDEX-MATCH, pivot tables, and complex formulas. You'll use Power Query for data cleansing and transformation, and build multi-tab financial schedules and reconciliations.

Microsoft Power BI or TableauIntermediate

Viewing and interpreting pre-built dashboards for variance analysis, and potentially building simple new dashboards for internal management reporting or ad-hoc analysis.

3What you get to decide, and how that grows

Power in a job isn't your title. It's what you're allowed to decide. Here's how it grows as you move up.

The choiceComing inWhere you are nowThe step above
Accounting Treatment for Routine TransactionsEscalate to Senior Analyst/Manager for guidance.Decide independently based on established policy; consult manager for unusual cases.Define and document policy for team; review complex cases.
Journal Entry ApprovalPrepare for manager review and approval.Prepare and post routine journal entries up to £10K; manager approval for larger or non-routine entries.Approve journal entries up to £50K; review and approve team's entries.
External Auditor Responses (PBCs)Gather information and draft response for manager review.Prepare and send responses for routine PBCs; consult manager for complex queries.Review and approve all PBC responses for assigned areas; directly liaise with auditors on technical matters.
Process Improvement SuggestionsSuggest ideas to senior team members.Propose specific process improvements to manager; may lead implementation of small changes.Design and lead implementation of significant process improvements across workstreams.

4How you'll be judged

The scoreboard, honestly: the hard targets, how often each one is actually looked at, and the quiet human signals that never make it onto a dashboard.

Reconciliation Accuracy
The percentage of assigned balance sheet account reconciliations completed without material errors or unreconciled differences.
Target · >99% accuracy

You prepare 20 reconciliations each month. If one has a £500 difference that you can't explain, that's an error. We expect fewer than 1 error per 100 reconciliations.

Timeliness of Close Tasks
The percentage of your assigned financial close tasks (e.g., journal entries, schedule preparation) completed by the internal deadline.
Target · 100% on-time completion

If you have 15 tasks on the close calendar, we expect all 15 to be done by their due date, no excuses. Missing a deadline for your cash flow statement means the whole report is late.

Audit Request Responsiveness
The average time taken to provide complete and accurate responses to external auditor 'Provided By Client' (PBC) requests.
Target · <24 hours for standard requests

An auditor asks for the supporting documentation for a specific accrual. You should be able to pull it, verify it, and send it over within a day, not a week.

Reduction in Review Notes
The number of review notes or corrections from your manager on your prepared schedules and draft disclosures.
Target · <5 significant review notes per quarter

Your manager reviews your draft cash flow statement. If they find 10 errors or areas needing clarification, that's too many. We're looking for you to catch most of these yourself.

Process Improvement Identification
Proactively identifies and proposes solutions for inefficiencies or control gaps within the financial reporting process.
  • You'll bring ideas to your manager about how we could automate a manual reconciliation, or suggest a better way to gather data from another team. This isn't just about doing the work, it's about making the work better. Evidence includes documented proposals or successful implementation of small improvements.
Technical Accounting Application
Demonstrates a solid understanding and correct application of accounting standards to routine and moderately complex transactions.
  • When a new type of transaction comes up (e.g., a new lease agreement), you'll correctly identify the relevant accounting standard and apply it without significant manager intervention. Your technical memos (even if short) will be clear and accurate, showing you've thought through the 'why'.
Stakeholder Communication Clarity
Communicates complex financial information or accounting requirements clearly and concisely to non-finance professionals.
  • You can explain why we can't recognise revenue on a specific deal to the Sales team in a way they understand, rather than just quoting GAAP. Your emails are easy to follow, and you can answer questions directly without jargon. Feedback from internal teams about your helpfulness and clarity.

5Would you like it

The honest version. What people enjoy, and what grinds them down.

What people enjoy
Accuracy and Precision

You get a real kick out of making sure every number ties out perfectly, finding that one missing penny, or spotting an error before anyone else. The satisfaction comes from knowing your work is flawless and reliable.

Spending an extra hour to track down a £5 discrepancy in a multi-million-pound reconciliation, just because you know it should balance.

Problem Solving

You enjoy the detective work involved in financial reporting – tracking down variances, understanding complex transactions, and figuring out how to apply accounting rules to real-world scenarios. It's like a puzzle you get to solve every day.

Unravelling why a specific intercompany account isn't balancing and identifying the root cause across different entities.

Contribution to Company Credibility

You understand that your work directly contributes to the company's reputation and trust with investors. Knowing your accurate reports are being read by thousands of people gives you a sense of purpose.

Feeling proud when the quarterly earnings report is published, knowing you played a significant role in its accurate preparation.

What frustrates people
  • Last-minute adjustments: Spending days perfecting the financials only to have another department submit a 'critical' journal entry that throws everything off right before a deadline.
  • The audit gauntlet: The sheer volume of auditor requests and having to defend reasonable judgments made months ago to a junior auditor who's just following a checklist.
  • Data integrity chasing: Wasting hours or days tracking a variance back to a single miscoded invoice in a sub-ledger from weeks prior.
  • Being the 'No' department: Often being perceived as a roadblock for putting necessary controls and processes in place that slow others down, even though it's for compliance.
  • System limitations: Being forced to use complex, fragile Excel spreadsheets because the ERP or consolidation tool can't handle a specific type of transaction or reporting requirement.
What this role does not give you
  • A quiet, predictable 9-to-5: Quarter-end means longer hours, and urgent requests can pop up at any time.
  • An environment free from repetitive tasks: There's a lot of recurring work, especially during close.
  • Complete autonomy over strategic direction: You'll be executing and improving processes, not setting the overall finance strategy (yet!).

6Who you work with

Your work directly underpins the integrity of our published financial results. Getting it right means we maintain investor confidence and regulatory compliance. Getting it wrong means restatements, fines, and a lot of very difficult conversations. You're a critical cog in the machine that ensures our financial transparency and reputation.

Inside the business
  • Financial Reporting Manager (your direct boss)
  • General Ledger Team
  • Accounts Payable & Receivable Teams
  • FP&A (Financial Planning & Analysis) Team
  • Tax Department
Outside the business
  • External Auditors
  • Regulatory Bodies (e.g., FCA, SEC if applicable)
  • Tax Advisors

7What you need before you start

Not a wish list. The things you would be expected to already have.

  • A solid grounding in double-entry bookkeeping and accounting principles (debits and credits should be second nature).
  • Experience preparing complex balance sheet reconciliations and journal entries in a corporate environment.
  • Proven ability to work independently on assigned tasks and manage multiple deadlines.
  • Demonstrable experience working with a large ERP system (e.g., SAP, Oracle, NetSuite) beyond just data entry.
  • Strong Excel skills, including pivot tables, VLOOKUPs, and data manipulation.
  • Experience in a public company or a large, complex private company that adheres to rigorous reporting standards.

8What to practise next

Where the job is going, and what to do about it starting this week.

Advanced Technical Accounting Research & Application

As the business grows and new transactions arise (e.g., complex derivatives, M&A activity), you'll need to be able to tackle more ambiguous and complex accounting issues independently, providing clear, auditable positions.

Complex Standard Interpretation · Judgement & Estimation · Impact Assessment · Auditor Negotiation

  • This month: Pick one complex accounting standard you're less familiar with and read it thoroughly, then discuss with your manager.
  • Month 2: Volunteer to take the lead on drafting a technical memo for a new, moderately complex transaction.
  • Month 3: Attend a technical accounting workshop or seminar focused on emerging issues or complex standards.
  • Month 4: Shadow your manager or a senior colleague in a discussion with external auditors on a technical accounting point.

Quick win: Start reading accounting firm publications and newsletters on new or complex accounting standards. Stay informed.

9Staying current once you are in

What people here do to keep up
  • Actively pursue a professional accounting qualification if you don't already have one – this is key for your career here.
  • Attend webinars and seminars on new IFRS/UK GAAP updates and regulatory changes to stay current.
  • Take online courses in advanced Excel, Power Query, or basic data visualisation tools (Power BI/Tableau).
  • Participate in internal training sessions on our ERP system or consolidation tool to deepen your system knowledge.
  • Read industry publications and accounting firm newsletters to keep up with emerging trends and technical accounting issues.

10How the AI economy is changing work like this

Before we ask anything of you, here's what we can already say about AI and work of this kind:

The new skill this role is being asked for: Data Storytelling with Advanced Visualisation

Simply presenting numbers isn't enough anymore. Leadership and investors want to understand the 'why' quickly. The ability to turn complex financial data into compelling, easy-to-understand visual narratives is becoming crucial for effective communication.

We'll only ever tell you what we can actually back up. No hype, no scare tactics.

Your PlanIllustration

Built for Head of Financial Reporting

3 units that map to this job, from the qualifications that cover it.

  1. Drafting Financial StatementsAssociation of Chartered Certified Accountants · covers 2 of 3 standardsLevel 4
  2. Work Effectively in Accounting and FinanceInstitute of Accountants and Bookkeepers · covers 1 of 3 standardsLevel 3
  3. Drafting Financial Statements _accounting practice, industry and commerce_Association of Accounting Technicians · covers 1 of 3 standardsLevel 4
These are the real units behind this job, in the order they rank for it. Nothing here is marked done, because this plan has not been started by anyone yet. Yours would fill in as you go.

The rising capability

Zavmo analysis

What's rising in its place

This is where the work is heading, and the higher pay with it. Get fluent here and the shift stops being a threat and starts being your edge.

Data Storytelling with Advanced Visualisation

Simply presenting numbers isn't enough anymore. Leadership and investors want to understand the 'why' quickly. The ability to turn complex financial data into compelling, easy-to-understand visual narratives is becoming crucial for effective communication.

  • Narrative Flow
  • Visual Best Practices
  • Audience Tailoring
  • Interactive Dashboards

Basic Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Scripting

Many routine, rule-based tasks in financial reporting (like data extraction, reconciliation matching, or report generation) are ripe for automation. Understanding how to build simple bots will significantly boost your productivity and allow you to focus on higher-value work.

  • Process Mapping
  • RPA Tools (e.g., UiPath, Power Automate)
  • Bot Design Principles
  • Exception Handling

What you’ll use

Skills this role draws on

Technical

  • GAAP/IFRS Expertise
  • Consolidation & Intercompany Accounting
  • Technical Accounting Research & Memo Writing
  • Financial Storytelling & Variance Analysis
  • Internal Controls over Financial Reporting (ICFR)

The pathway

How you actually get there, here

How you become one varies far more by country than what one does. This is the UK route. Most people take one of these ways in; the right one depends on where you're starting from.

  1. 1

    Financial Reporting Analyst (L1)

    1-2 years

    Skills to master

    • Mastering basic reconciliations, journal entries, data gathering, and understanding the financial close calendar. Getting to grips with our ERP system.

    You're ready to move on when

    • Consistently accurate and timely completion of all assigned tasks.
    • Proactive in asking clarifying questions and learning new processes.
    • Demonstrates a solid understanding of basic accounting principles.
  2. 2

    Audit Associate (Big Four/Mid-tier Firm)

    2-3 years

    Skills to master

    • Exposure to various clients and industries, understanding audit methodologies, preparing financial statements from scratch, and dealing with complex accounting issues across different companies. Strong client communication.

    You're ready to move on when

    • Experience auditing large, complex clients (ideally publicly listed).
    • Strong technical accounting knowledge and ability to research guidance.
    • Comfortable working under pressure and managing multiple client engagements.
  3. 3

    General Ledger Accountant (Large Corporate)

    3-4 years

    Skills to master

    • Deep understanding of the full general ledger cycle, month-end close processes, intercompany accounting, and exposure to various sub-ledgers. Strong ERP system knowledge.

    You're ready to move on when

    • Proven ability to manage significant portions of the month-end close.
    • Experience with complex reconciliations and journal entries.
    • Demonstrated ability to identify and resolve GL discrepancies.

11Where this role leads

The long view:Your journey in financial reporting at Zavmo isn't just about climbing a ladder; it's about building a robust foundation of expertise that can take you anywhere in the finance world. We're here to support that ambition, whether it's leading a team, becoming a technical guru, or moving into a broader finance leadership role.

Pay & demand

Pay and demand for this role will appear here, each figure traced to a named authoritative source (e.g. the ONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, under the Open Government Licence). We don’t show numbers we can’t attribute.

The ten Future Fluencies

Zavmo analysis

The credential is what you can do today. These are what keep you valuable.

A qualification proves you can do the job as it's defined today. These ten are what decide whether you're still the obvious person for it in five years. They're the capabilities employers are now writing into senior roles faster than people are learning them. Zavmo weaves them through whatever you study, so you come out with both: the credential and the fluency.

The highlighted ones are the Fluencies your role leans on hardest, from how Head of Financial Reporting is actually changing. In about two minutes, the free confidence check asks where you stand on each of the ten. That's the whole check, and it's what makes the plan yours rather than generic.

12The team that's yours

No two people are taught the same way. This is one-to-one, not one-to-many.

Zavmo is a hyper-personalised AI learning platform. Twelve virtual tutors, each with a different way of teaching, and one orchestration agent that picks the right one for the moment. So every single lesson is shaped around you, your role, and the way you learn. Not a course everyone sits through. A conversation built for you, and no one else.

…and nine more, matched to you after your first chat. Meet all twelve

13What it feels like

A conversation, not a course

Because your tutor knows your role, your projects and your last session, learning sounds like this. And it's different for every single person:

Drafting Financial StatementsLevel 4

Applied to your work in Head of Financial Reporting

By completing this unit, learners will be able to draft statutory and simple consolidated financial statements for a limited company, and interpret these statements using ratio analysis.

How the thinking builds
  1. Remember
  2. Understand
  3. Apply
  4. Analyse
  5. Evaluate
  6. Create
An illustration of a Zavmo lesson, built from this role’s own route. The unit, its objective and every criterion above are the awarding body’s own words, not an example.

One to one, not one to many

No two people run this the same way

A course is written once and handed to everyone. This is assembled around you, and keeps changing as it learns you. Five things it reads, and what each one changes.

  1. Your actual work Every lesson is taught against a live piece of your own work, not a worked example from a textbook.
  2. What you already know The first conversation finds your starting point, so you skip what you can already do and spend the time on what you cannot.
  3. The conditions you learn under Not a learning-styles quiz. The evidence does not support those. The dimensions the research does back, read once and used to shape the plan.
  4. How far you got last time It picks up mid-thought. The tutor knows what you said, what you struggled with, and what it asked you to try.
  5. Which tutor suits the moment Twelve of them, each for a different kind of thinking. The one who walks you through a first idea is not the one who stress-tests it.

See how you learn, free. Eight questions, no sign-up. A directional taster; the diagnostic inside Zavmo goes deeper and keeps adapting.

DemonstrateIllustration

Evidenced on your work in Head of Financial Reporting

You do not finish by watching something. You finish by showing it on the work you already do, against the measures this job is judged on.

  • Reconciliation AccuracyThe percentage of assigned balance sheet account reconciliations completed without material errors or unreconciled differences.You prepare 20 reconciliations each month. If one has a £500 difference that you can't explain, that's an error. We expect fewer than 1 error per 100 reconciliations.>99% accuracy
  • Timeliness of Close TasksThe percentage of your assigned financial close tasks (e.g., journal entries, schedule preparation) completed by the internal deadline.If you have 15 tasks on the close calendar, we expect all 15 to be done by their due date, no excuses. Missing a deadline for your cash flow statement means the whole report is late.100% on-time completion
  • Audit Request ResponsivenessThe average time taken to provide complete and accurate responses to external auditor 'Provided By Client' (PBC) requests.An auditor asks for the supporting documentation for a specific accrual. You should be able to pull it, verify it, and send it over within a day, not a week.<24 hours for standard requests
  • Reduction in Review NotesThe number of review notes or corrections from your manager on your prepared schedules and draft disclosures.Your manager reviews your draft cash flow statement. If they find 10 errors or areas needing clarification, that's too many. We're looking for you to catch most of these yourself.<5 significant review notes per quarter
These are this job's own measures, with its own targets. Nothing is marked evidenced, because nobody has started this yet. Yours would fill in from the work you bring.

Your passport

This isn't a certificate you file away. It's a passport to the life you're designing.

Every credit you earn and every fluency you build adds up: evidence where it counts, carried with you. Zavmo keeps the map: where you are, where you're heading, and the next step, at your pace, around your life. From Head of Financial Reporting to Financial Reporting Manager (L3), and whatever you decide comes after.

Level 3 · in progressAI Fluency→ Financial Reporting Manager (L3)→ your design
Where this takes you

Your journey in financial reporting at Zavmo isn't just about climbing a ladder; it's about building a robust foundation of expertise that can take you anywhere in the finance world. We're here to support that ambition, whether it's leading a team, becoming a technical guru, or moving into a broader finance leadership role.

See Your Progress GrowIllustration
Head of Financial Reporting
  • GAAP/IFRS Expertise
  • Consolidation & Intercompany Accounting
  • Technical Accounting Research & Memo Writing
  • Financial Storytelling & Variance Analysis
  • Internal Controls over Financial Reporting (ICFR)
This is your Mind Palace on learn.zavmo.ai. Every skill above comes from this role's own record, not an example borrowed from another job. A node lights up when you evidence it, and what you build stays yours between jobs. That is the part a course cannot do.

14The detail, folded away

Everything else the record holds

The career branches in full, how AI is already showing up in the day-to-day, and the questions people ask about this job. Here when you want them, out of the way while you decide.

Where it leads next, rung by rung

Where it leads

The career path, and where it branches

Head of Financial Reporting is a start, not a ceiling. Each step below asks for new skills and hands back more autonomy.

  1. Financial Reporting Manager (L3)

    3-5 years in current role

    You'll move from owning specific processes to managing a broader workstream and potentially mentoring junior team members. You'll become the primary day-to-day contact for auditors.

    • Reviewing and approving work of junior analysts.
    • Managing the full close calendar and ensuring all deadlines are met.
    • Leading discussions with auditors on technical accounting matters.
    • Designing and implementing new internal controls.
Working with AI on the job

Working with AI

Where AI is starting to help

Let's be real, a lot of financial reporting involves repetitive tasks, digging through data, and drafting narratives. Imagine if you could offload some of that grunt work to AI. You'd have more time for the interesting bits: analysis, problem-solving, and actually understanding the 'why' behind the numbers. That's exactly what AI can help you do.

While AI won't replace your critical judgment (especially in financial reporting, that's not happening anytime soon!), it can certainly make your day-to-day work much more efficient. We're building an AI Productivity Hub to help you get there, and here's a sneak peek at how it could change your role as Head of Financial Reporting.

Automated Reconciliation & JE Creation

Imagine AI tools automatically matching transactions between bank statements and the general ledger, identifying discrepancies, and even drafting recurring journal entries for accruals. This means less manual ticking-and-tying, freeing you up for the tricky exceptions.

Anomaly Detection & Flux Analysis

Instead of manually combing through variance reports, AI can proactively scan millions of transactions to flag unusual patterns or outliers. This gives you a head start on investigations, helping you spot potential errors or issues much faster than ever before.

Technical Accounting Research Assistant

Got a complex accounting question? AI can instantly search and summarise relevant guidance from the FASB Codification or IFRS standards. It can even provide a first draft of a technical memo, turning a multi-hour research project into a quick review and edit.

Disclosure & Narrative Drafting

AI can analyse financial data and generate a first draft of sections of the MD&A narrative or quantitative footnotes (like debt roll-forwards). This takes away the 'blank page' problem, letting you focus on refining the story and ensuring accuracy, rather than starting from scratch.

Common questions

Common questions

How do you become a Head of Financial Reporting?

Common routes in include Financial Reporting Analyst (L1) (1-2 years), Audit Associate (Big Four/Mid-tier Firm) (2-3 years) and General Ledger Accountant (Large Corporate) (3-4 years). Times vary with prior experience.

Where can a Head of Financial Reporting progress to?

This role can lead on to Financial Reporting Manager (L3) (3-5 years in current role), depending on the skills you build.

What level is a Head of Financial Reporting in the UK?

This role aligns to RQF Level 3 on the UK framework, a guide to the depth of qualification it maps to, not a hard entry bar.

What new skills matter most for a Head of Financial Reporting?

Increasingly, Data Storytelling with Advanced Visualisation and Basic Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Scripting. These are the areas where the higher-paid, future-proof work is heading.

The honest bit

You’ve started things before

Most of them were built for a room full of people who aren’t you. A cohort moves on whether or not your week allowed it, and by the third week the thing you’re behind on becomes the reason you stop opening it.

There’s no cohort here, and no timetable to fall behind. Before anything starts, Zavmo asks when you’re sharpest and how long you can realistically sit down for, then builds the sessions around those answers. A bad fortnight changes your pace. It doesn’t put you behind.

And you only pay once you start learning. Searching and planning are free, and you can cancel any time — so the cost of finding out is an afternoon, not a year.

What it costs

Less than one coaching session. Every month.

A single career-coaching hour costs more than a month of this, and it ends when the hour does. Zavmo doesn't. It's £70 a month, about £2.30 a day, for a companion that knows a Head of Financial Reporting, works on the job you actually do, and keeps going at your pace rather than a timetable's.

  • Searching and planning stay free. You only pay when you start learning.
  • Your credits are yours. Regulated, and they don't vanish when a subscription ends.
  • Cancel any time and billing stops. No notice period, no minimum term.

Your path, personalised

You have the map. Walking it is the part we do together.

This route runs to 3 national skill standards. That is a real journey.

Zavmo shapes a learning experience as unique as you are. It fits how you learn, your pace and the work you already do. Every step stays benchmarked to recognised national standards. That’s the plan for becoming a Head of Financial Reporting: personal to you, and it still counts. The first steps are free.

Independent research finds well-designed intelligent tutoring performs nearly as well as one-to-one human tutoring: VanLehn (2011), Educational Psychologist.

A private tutor in the UK averages £35–40 an hour . Zavmo is £70/month.

A real plan on learn.zavmo.ai: Ofqual-regulated units, credits, and a three-month run at your own pace.
Start free No commitment. See your first steps free.

15Where to go from here

Other roles at Level 3

Same depth of qualification, different job. Useful if the work appeals but this particular role does not.

Other roles in Finance roles

Stay in the field you know and move sideways rather than up.

If you leave this industry

The skills you'll gain here in financial reporting, technical accounting, and regulatory compliance are highly transferable. You could move into other finance functions like FP&A, internal audit, or even investor relations. Your expertise would also be highly valued in other regulated industries or within professional services firms.

Not sure this is the right direction?

Work out what you actually want from work first, then come back and see which roles fit it. Takes about ten minutes.

This role profile is © 2026Growth Engineering Technologies Ltd. Built from UK occupational standards and regulated qualification data, and written for Zavmo.

You're not behind. You're right on time. The shift is only just beginning. Your role won't look the same in two years. Be the one who leads the change, not the one it happens to. Build my plan, free Here's the first ten minutes: a 2-minute confidence check → your personalised roadmap → meet the tutors matched to you. No card, cancel any time. No card. Build your plan, see your roadmap and meet the twelve tutors matched to you. All free. When you're ready to start learning, it's £70 a month, billed monthly. Cancel any time and billing stops.