The pathway
How you actually get there, here
How you become one varies far more by country than what one does. This is the UK route. Most people take one of these ways in; the right one depends on where you're starting from.
- 1
Data Analyst / Business Intelligence Analyst
2-3 years as an analystSkills to master
- Strong data manipulation (SQL, Python/R), statistical analysis, data visualisation, and explaining findings to non-technical audiences. You'll need to develop an eye for data quality and potential biases.
You're ready to move on when
- You've regularly identified and investigated anomalies or unexpected patterns in data.
- You're comfortable with basic statistical testing and interpreting results.
- You've translated complex data insights into clear recommendations for business teams.
- You've shown curiosity about the 'why' behind the numbers, not just the 'what'.
- 2
Machine Learning Engineer / Data Scientist (Junior)
2-4 years in an ML/DS roleSkills to master
- Model building, feature engineering, model evaluation metrics, understanding algorithm internals. You'll need to develop a deeper understanding of fairness metrics and ethical frameworks beyond just accuracy.
You're ready to move on when
- You've built and deployed ML models, and understand their limitations.
- You've grappled with data leakage or overfitting, and know how to diagnose model issues.
- You've shown an interest in the societal impact of the models you build.
- You're comfortable reading and understanding academic papers on ML or AI ethics.
- 3
Compliance Analyst / Risk Analyst (Technical Focus)
3-5 years in compliance/riskSkills to master
- Regulatory interpretation, risk assessment methodologies, control design, audit processes. You'll need to pick up more technical skills in data analysis and ML fundamentals to understand AI systems at a deeper level.
You're ready to move on when
- You've translated complex regulations into actionable requirements.
- You're experienced in identifying and assessing risks in technical systems.
- You've worked with legal teams and understand the language of compliance.
- You've shown initiative in learning about new technologies and their risks.


