United Kingdom · Learning and Development · Entry Level (0-2 years)

Associate Learning Coordinator

Here is the whole job, in plain words. What it is, a real day, what you decide, how you're judged, how people get here and where they go next. Then the part no course gives you: twelve AI tutors who learn your work.

  • Experience bandEntry Level (0-2 years)
  • Direct reportsNo direct reports
  • Reports toLearning Programme Specialist
  • UK framework levelUsually someone starting out, or keeping a process running

Also advertised as Junior Learning Administrator · L&D Assistant · Learning Operations Support · Training Programme Coordinator

Built on an analysis of 43,079 real UK job descriptions · grounded in qualifications employers recognise

Start with a free Future Fluency check, tuned to Associate Learning Coordinator

Ten quick questions, one per Future Fluency, asked against this role rather than a generic one. About five minutes, and no card.

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1What this role really is

This isn't just about booking rooms; you'll be the backbone of our learning programmes. You're the person who makes sure everything runs smoothly behind the scenes, from getting people enrolled in the right courses to pulling together the reports that show us what's actually happening. Think of yourself as the air traffic controller for our corporate university, keeping all the learning planes on schedule and pointed in the right direction. It's a busy job, but you'll learn heaps about how a modern L&D function operates.

2What you'd actually use

The tools this job runs on, and how well you'd need to know each one.

Cornerstone OnDemand / Workday Learning (LMS/LXP)Basic

You'll use this daily for enrolling learners, uploading course materials, pulling completion reports, and troubleshooting basic access issues. It's our central hub for all learning.

Microsoft Office Suite (Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Outlook)Intermediate

Excel for basic data cleaning and simple reports, Word for drafting communications, PowerPoint for updating simple slides, and Outlook for all your email and calendar management.

MS Teams / Slack (Collaboration)Intermediate

You'll use these for internal team communication, quick chats with colleagues, sharing updates, and participating in virtual meetings. It's how we stay connected.

Zoom / Microsoft Teams (Virtual Meeting Platforms)Basic

Setting up virtual meeting rooms for training sessions, managing attendee lists, and providing basic tech support for participants (e.g., 'how do I share my screen?').

3What you get to decide, and how that grows

Power in a job isn't your title. It's what you're allowed to decide. Here's how it grows as you move up.

The choiceComing inWhere you are nowThe step above
Learner Enrolment/CancellationExecute according to process; escalate complex or unusual requests (e.g., bulk enrolments for a new team, exceptions to policy).Independently manage standard enrolment processes; propose process improvements for efficiency.Define and optimise enrolment policies and processes; approve exceptions based on programme strategy.
Logistics & SchedulingBook rooms and virtual links as requested; flag potential clashes or issues to manager.Independently schedule and manage logistics for assigned programmes; suggest alternative solutions for minor conflicts.Design and implement scheduling protocols; make recommendations on resource allocation (e.g., room usage, platform licenses).
Learner Support ResolutionResolve Tier 1 queries using established FAQs and guides; escalate anything beyond basic troubleshooting.Independently resolve most Tier 1 & 2 queries; update FAQs based on common issues.Define learner support strategy and escalation paths; train junior staff on support best practices.
LMS Content ManagementUpload and organise content following clear instructions; flag any technical issues.Independently manage content updates for specific programmes; ensure content is correctly tagged and categorised.Define content governance and taxonomy standards for the entire LMS; audit content for quality and relevance.

4How you'll be judged

The scoreboard, honestly: the hard targets, how often each one is actually looked at, and the quiet human signals that never make it onto a dashboard.

Course Enrollment Accuracy
The percentage of learner enrolments and cancellations processed correctly, without errors.
Target · >99% accuracy

If you process 100 enrolment requests, we'd expect no more than one error. An error might be enrolling someone in the wrong course or failing to cancel a request.

Learner Support Ticket Resolution Time
The average time it takes for you to resolve basic learner queries, like 'I can't log in' or 'Where's my certificate?'.
Target · 90% of Tier 1 tickets resolved within 24 hours

If a learner emails about a login issue on Monday morning, you'll aim to have that sorted by Tuesday morning, or at least have them pointed to the right person.

Programme Completion Report Timeliness
How quickly you can pull together and share the basic 'who completed what' reports after a programme finishes.
Target · All mandatory programme completion reports delivered within 48 hours of request

A manager asks for a list of their team members who completed the 'New Manager Essentials' course by Friday. You'll have that to them by Wednesday, giving them time to follow up.

LMS Content Upload Accuracy
The percentage of learning materials (e.g., PDFs, videos, quizzes) uploaded to the Learning Management System (LMS) correctly and without technical issues.
Target · >98% accuracy

You upload 50 new resources for a course. We'd expect no more than one of those to have a broken link or be in the wrong place. It's about making sure learners can actually access what they need.

Team Collaboration & Support
How well you work with the rest of the L&D team, offering help and communicating clearly.
  • You're proactively asking if anyone needs a hand with admin tasks. You flag potential issues early rather than waiting for them to become problems. Your team members say you're a reliable and helpful colleague in weekly stand-ups.
Attention to Detail in Admin
The thoroughness and accuracy of your administrative tasks, which are honestly, a huge part of this job.
  • You rarely make mistakes in scheduling or data entry. You double-check your work before submitting it. Your reports are clean, well-formatted, and easy to understand. You spot the small errors that others might miss, like a typo in a course description.
Proactive Problem-Solving
Your ability to spot potential issues before they blow up and suggest simple fixes.
  • You notice a room booking clash before the session starts and suggest an alternative. You see a pattern in learner queries and suggest a FAQ update. You don't just report problems
  • you come with an idea for a solution, even if it's a simple one.

5Would you like it

The honest version. What people enjoy, and what grinds them down.

What people enjoy
Making Things Run Smoothly

You get a real kick out of seeing a complex schedule come together perfectly, or knowing that a training session went off without a hitch because of your meticulous planning. You enjoy the satisfaction of a well-organised system.

When you've successfully coordinated a multi-day virtual workshop for 100 people across different time zones, and all the links, materials, and facilitators are exactly where they need to be, on time.

Being a Go-To Resource

You like being the person people come to when they need help with a booking, a report, or a general query. You enjoy being seen as the reliable expert for all things admin and logistics within the L&D team.

A colleague says, 'Oh, just ask [Your Name], they always know how to sort out the LMS enrolments.' You feel valued for your practical knowledge.

Learning and Growing

You're keen to understand how L&D works, why we do things a certain way, and what makes a great learning experience. You'll ask questions and look for opportunities to pick up new skills, whether it's a new software or a better way to organise data.

You take the initiative to learn a new feature in our LMS or ask an instructional designer about the principles behind their course structure, even if it's not directly part of your immediate tasks.

What frustrates people
  • Dealing with outdated systems that are clunky to use.
  • Chasing people for information or approvals that are holding up a process.
  • Having to explain the same basic thing multiple times to different people.
  • When a meticulously planned schedule gets thrown out the window at the last minute due to someone else's oversight.
  • Being seen as 'just admin' rather than a critical part of the learning delivery.
What this role does not give you
  • High-level strategic decision-making (not yet, anyway).
  • Creative instructional design (you'll support it, not lead it).
  • A quiet, uninterrupted work environment (expect regular pings and requests).
  • Complete autonomy over your workload (you'll be guided by programme needs and team priorities).

6Who you work with

Your work directly impacts how smoothly our learning programmes run. If you're on top of things, learners have a great experience, and our L&D team can focus on bigger strategic stuff. If not, it can cause frustration for learners and a lot of extra work for everyone else. Essentially, you're helping to build a culture where learning is easy and accessible for everyone.

Inside the business
  • Learning Programme Specialists (your direct team)
  • Instructional Designers (who create the content)
  • Internal Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) who deliver training
  • HR Business Partners (who champion learning in their departments)
  • Employees across all departments (our learners)
Outside the business
  • External training vendors and facilitators
  • LMS/LXP platform support teams (when you need to troubleshoot)

7What you need before you start

Not a wish list. The things you would be expected to already have.

  • A proven ability to manage multiple administrative tasks efficiently, ideally in a busy office environment.
  • Experience using a Learning Management System (LMS) or similar database/CRM system (even if it's not the exact one we use).
  • Strong organisational skills and a meticulous eye for detail – we really can't stress this enough.
  • A genuine interest in how people learn and develop in a professional setting.
  • The ability to work effectively as part of a team, supporting colleagues and communicating openly.
  • A good grasp of Microsoft Excel for basic data handling and reporting.

8What to practise next

Where the job is going, and what to do about it starting this week.

Advanced LMS Configuration & Troubleshooting

As you get more familiar with our LMS, you'll start to understand how it's configured and how to fix more complex issues. This will make you an invaluable resource, reducing reliance on external support and speeding up problem resolution.

User group management and permissions · Course catalogue structure and tagging · Learning path creation and assignment rules · Advanced reporting features (custom reports) · Integration points with other HR systems (e.g., Wo

  • This week: Ask your manager to walk you through some of the LMS backend settings.
  • This month: Take ownership of a specific reporting task and try to build a custom report.
  • Month 2: Shadow a Learning Programme Specialist when they're configuring a new learning path.
  • Month 3: Document common troubleshooting steps for your team to use.

Quick win: Offer to take on more complex LMS admin tasks, like setting up new user groups or updating course metadata. This is where you'll learn the most.

Basic Data Visualisation & Storytelling (Tableau/Power BI)

Just pulling numbers isn't enough; we need to tell a story with our data. As you progress, you'll move beyond basic Excel reports to creating simple, impactful visualisations that help people understand what our learning programmes are achieving.

Choosing the right chart type for your data · Basic dashboard design principles (clarity, simpli · Connecting data sources (LMS exports, HRIS data) · Filtering and sorting data effectively · Presenting data in an understandable way to non-te

  • This week: Watch a few introductory tutorials on Tableau or Power BI.
  • This month: Try to recreate one of your Excel reports as a simple dashboard in Tableau/Power BI.
  • Month 2: Experiment with different chart types to see how they tell different stories with the same data.
  • Month 3: Present a simple data visualisation to your team, explaining what it shows.

Quick win: Start by making your Excel charts clearer and more impactful. Then, download a free trial of Tableau Public or Power BI Desktop and play around with some dummy data.

9Staying current once you are in

What people here do to keep up
  • Attending L&D industry webinars or online conferences to stay up-to-date with trends.
  • Joining relevant professional networks (e.g., LinkedIn groups for L&D professionals).
  • Taking online courses on advanced Excel, data visualisation, or specific LMS features.
  • Shadowing colleagues in different L&D roles to understand their work better.
  • Volunteering to take on new administrative challenges or small projects within the team.

10How the AI economy is changing work like this

Before we ask anything of you, here's what we can already say about AI and work of this kind:

The new skill this role is being asked for: Basic AI Prompting for Admin Tasks

AI tools are becoming incredibly good at drafting communications, summarising information, and even helping with basic data analysis. Learning how to 'talk' to these tools effectively will make your admin work much faster and more accurate, freeing you up for more interesting tasks.

We'll only ever tell you what we can actually back up. No hype, no scare tactics.

Your PlanIllustration

Built for Associate Learning Coordinator

3 units that map to this job, from the qualifications that cover it.

  1. Provide learning opportunities for colleaguesPearson EDI · covers 6 of 10 standardsLevel 3
  2. Identify individual learning and development needsSFJ Awards · covers 2 of 10 standardsLevel 3
  3. The Learning Support Role: Learning and AssessmentAIM Qualifications · covers 1 of 10 standardsLevel 2
These are the real units behind this job, in the order they rank for it. Nothing here is marked done, because this plan has not been started by anyone yet. Yours would fill in as you go.

The rising capability

Zavmo analysis

What's rising in its place

This is where the work is heading, and the higher pay with it. Get fluent here and the shift stops being a threat and starts being your edge.

Basic AI Prompting for Admin Tasks

AI tools are becoming incredibly good at drafting communications, summarising information, and even helping with basic data analysis. Learning how to 'talk' to these tools effectively will make your admin work much faster and more accurate, freeing you up for more interesting tasks.

  • Clear and concise prompting (giving good instructi
  • Iterative prompting (refining your requests)
  • Understanding AI's limitations (knowing when it mi
  • Using AI for summarisation and drafting
  • Ethical considerations for AI use (data privacy, b

What you’ll use

Skills this role draws on

Technical

  • Basic Learning Administration
  • Data Entry & Accuracy
  • Customer Service Principles

The pathway

How you actually get there, here

How you become one varies far more by country than what one does. This is the UK route. Most people take one of these ways in; the right one depends on where you're starting from.

  1. 1

    Administrative Assistant / Office Coordinator

    1-2 years

    Skills to master

    • Organisation, scheduling, communication, basic troubleshooting, managing multiple priorities, supporting a team.

    You're ready to move on when

    • You're the go-to person for all admin queries in your current role.
    • You've successfully managed complex calendars or event logistics.
    • You've shown a knack for picking up new software quickly.
    • Your colleagues consistently praise your helpfulness and attention to detail.
  2. 2

    Customer Service Representative

    1-2 years

    Skills to master

    • Problem-solving, empathetic communication, managing difficult situations, documenting interactions, understanding customer needs.

    You're ready to move on when

    • You consistently get high customer satisfaction scores.
    • You're excellent at explaining complex information clearly and patiently.
    • You can de-escalate tricky situations and find solutions for frustrated customers.
    • You've shown initiative in improving customer processes or FAQs.
  3. 3

    Recent Graduate / Apprentice (HR or Business)

    0-1 year

    Skills to master

    • Foundational business understanding, project support, research, presentation skills, professional communication, eagerness to learn.

    You're ready to move on when

    • You've completed relevant coursework or projects in HR, business, or education.
    • You've had internships or work experience that involved supporting a team or managing tasks.
    • You're keen to apply theoretical knowledge in a practical, fast-paced environment.
    • You demonstrate a strong work ethic and a desire to contribute.

11Where this role leads

The long view:Your journey here starts with getting the basics right, but the sky's the limit if you're curious, dedicated, and eager to learn. We're committed to helping you build a fantastic career in L&D, whatever path you choose.

Pay & demand

Pay and demand for this role will appear here, each figure traced to a named authoritative source (e.g. the ONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, under the Open Government Licence). We don’t show numbers we can’t attribute.

The ten Future Fluencies

Zavmo analysis

The credential is what you can do today. These are what keep you valuable.

A qualification proves you can do the job as it's defined today. These ten are what decide whether you're still the obvious person for it in five years. They're the capabilities employers are now writing into senior roles faster than people are learning them. Zavmo weaves them through whatever you study, so you come out with both: the credential and the fluency.

The highlighted ones are the Fluencies your role leans on hardest, from how Associate Learning Coordinator is actually changing. In about two minutes, the free confidence check asks where you stand on each of the ten. That's the whole check, and it's what makes the plan yours rather than generic.

12The team that's yours

No two people are taught the same way. This is one-to-one, not one-to-many.

Zavmo is a hyper-personalised AI learning platform. Twelve virtual tutors, each with a different way of teaching, and one orchestration agent that picks the right one for the moment. So every single lesson is shaped around you, your role, and the way you learn. Not a course everyone sits through. A conversation built for you, and no one else.

…and nine more, matched to you after your first chat. Meet all twelve

13What it feels like

A conversation, not a course

Because your tutor knows your role, your projects and your last session, learning sounds like this. And it's different for every single person:

Provide learning opportunities for colleaguesLevel 3

Applied to your work in Associate Learning Coordinator

By completing this unit, learners will be able to encourage learning and development in colleagues, help them identify learning needs and styles, and assist in planning, implementing, and reviewing learning opportunities.

How the thinking builds
  1. Remember
  2. Understand
  3. Apply
  4. Analyse
  5. Evaluate
  6. Create
An illustration of a Zavmo lesson, built from this role’s own route. The unit, its objective and every criterion above are the awarding body’s own words, not an example.

One to one, not one to many

No two people run this the same way

A course is written once and handed to everyone. This is assembled around you, and keeps changing as it learns you. Five things it reads, and what each one changes.

  1. Your actual work Every lesson is taught against a live piece of your own work, not a worked example from a textbook.
  2. What you already know The first conversation finds your starting point, so you skip what you can already do and spend the time on what you cannot.
  3. The conditions you learn under Not a learning-styles quiz. The evidence does not support those. The dimensions the research does back, read once and used to shape the plan.
  4. How far you got last time It picks up mid-thought. The tutor knows what you said, what you struggled with, and what it asked you to try.
  5. Which tutor suits the moment Twelve of them, each for a different kind of thinking. The one who walks you through a first idea is not the one who stress-tests it.

See how you learn, free. Eight questions, no sign-up. A directional taster; the diagnostic inside Zavmo goes deeper and keeps adapting.

DemonstrateIllustration

Evidenced on your work in Associate Learning Coordinator

You do not finish by watching something. You finish by showing it on the work you already do, against the measures this job is judged on.

  • Course Enrollment AccuracyThe percentage of learner enrolments and cancellations processed correctly, without errors.If you process 100 enrolment requests, we'd expect no more than one error. An error might be enrolling someone in the wrong course or failing to cancel a request.>99% accuracy
  • Learner Support Ticket Resolution TimeThe average time it takes for you to resolve basic learner queries, like 'I can't log in' or 'Where's my certificate?'.If a learner emails about a login issue on Monday morning, you'll aim to have that sorted by Tuesday morning, or at least have them pointed to the right person.90% of Tier 1 tickets resolved within 24 hours
  • Programme Completion Report TimelinessHow quickly you can pull together and share the basic 'who completed what' reports after a programme finishes.A manager asks for a list of their team members who completed the 'New Manager Essentials' course by Friday. You'll have that to them by Wednesday, giving them time to follow up.All mandatory programme completion reports delivered within 48 hours of request
  • LMS Content Upload AccuracyThe percentage of learning materials (e.g., PDFs, videos, quizzes) uploaded to the Learning Management System (LMS) correctly and without technical issues.You upload 50 new resources for a course. We'd expect no more than one of those to have a broken link or be in the wrong place. It's about making sure learners can actually access what they need.>98% accuracy
These are this job's own measures, with its own targets. Nothing is marked evidenced, because nobody has started this yet. Yours would fill in from the work you bring.

Your passport

This isn't a certificate you file away. It's a passport to the life you're designing.

Every credit you earn and every fluency you build adds up: evidence where it counts, carried with you. Zavmo keeps the map: where you are, where you're heading, and the next step, at your pace, around your life. From Associate Learning Coordinator to Learning Programme Specialist (L2), and whatever you decide comes after.

Level 2 · in progressAI Fluency→ Learning Programme Specialist (L2)→ your design
Where this takes you

Your journey here starts with getting the basics right, but the sky's the limit if you're curious, dedicated, and eager to learn. We're committed to helping you build a fantastic career in L&D, whatever path you choose.

See Your Progress GrowIllustration
Associate Learning Coordinator
  • Basic Learning Administration
  • Data Entry & Accuracy
  • Customer Service Principles
This is your Mind Palace on learn.zavmo.ai. Every skill above comes from this role's own record, not an example borrowed from another job. A node lights up when you evidence it, and what you build stays yours between jobs. That is the part a course cannot do.

14The detail, folded away

Everything else the record holds

The career branches in full, how AI is already showing up in the day-to-day, and the questions people ask about this job. Here when you want them, out of the way while you decide.

Where it leads next, rung by rung

Where it leads

The career path, and where it branches

Associate Learning Coordinator is a start, not a ceiling. Each step below asks for new skills and hands back more autonomy.

  1. Learning Programme Specialist (L2)

    2-3 years in the Associate role

    You'll move from supporting individual tasks to owning specific learning programmes end-to-end. You'll manage relationships with vendors and take more responsibility for content updates.

    • Content curation (finding and selecting relevant learning materials)
    • Basic instructional design principles (understanding how to structure simple learning)
    • Intermediate LMS configuration (setting up learning paths, advanced reporting)
    • Programme evaluation (beyond 'smile sheets')
Working with AI on the job

Working with AI

Where AI is starting to help

Let's be real, a lot of L&D admin can be a bit of a grind. But what if you could cut down on the repetitive stuff and focus more on making learning awesome? That's where AI comes in. We're not talking about robots taking over, but smart tools that help you get through your daily tasks quicker and more accurately.

For an Associate Learning Coordinator, AI isn't about replacing your job; it's about making you incredibly efficient. Think of it as having a super-fast assistant who can draft emails, summarise feedback, and even help you organise data. You'll still be in charge, but you'll have more time for the interesting bits of the job.

Communication Drafter

Use AI to quickly draft emails for programme announcements, learner reminders, or follow-ups. Just give it a few bullet points, and it'll write a polite, clear message. No more staring at a blank screen trying to figure out how to word things.

Report Summariser

Feed your raw LMS completion data into an AI tool, and it can help you quickly pull out key numbers or spot trends that you might miss. It won't do the full analysis, but it'll give you a head start on understanding what the data's telling you.

FAQ Generator

Got a bunch of common learner questions? Use AI to help you draft clear, concise answers for an internal FAQ document. This means fewer repetitive questions landing in your inbox, freeing you up for more complex support issues.

Scheduling Assistant

While you'll still do the actual booking, AI tools can help you find optimal times for sessions by analysing team calendars and suggesting slots with the fewest conflicts. It's like having a super-smart diary manager.

Common questions

Common questions

How do you become an Associate Learning Coordinator?

Common routes in include Administrative Assistant / Office Coordinator (1-2 years), Customer Service Representative (1-2 years) and Recent Graduate / Apprentice (HR or Business) (0-1 year). Times vary with prior experience.

Where can an Associate Learning Coordinator progress to?

This role can lead on to Learning Programme Specialist (L2) (2-3 years in the Associate role), depending on the skills you build.

What level is an Associate Learning Coordinator in the UK?

This role aligns to RQF Level 2 on the UK framework, a guide to the depth of qualification it maps to, not a hard entry bar.

What new skills matter most for an Associate Learning Coordinator?

Increasingly, Basic AI Prompting for Admin Tasks. These are the areas where the higher-paid, future-proof work is heading.

The honest bit

You’ve started things before

Most of them were built for a room full of people who aren’t you. A cohort moves on whether or not your week allowed it, and by the third week the thing you’re behind on becomes the reason you stop opening it.

There’s no cohort here, and no timetable to fall behind. Before anything starts, Zavmo asks when you’re sharpest and how long you can realistically sit down for, then builds the sessions around those answers. A bad fortnight changes your pace. It doesn’t put you behind.

And you only pay once you start learning. Searching and planning are free, and you can cancel any time — so the cost of finding out is an afternoon, not a year.

What it costs

Less than one coaching session. Every month.

A single career-coaching hour costs more than a month of this, and it ends when the hour does. Zavmo doesn't. It's £70 a month, about £2.30 a day, for a companion that knows an Associate Learning Coordinator, works on the job you actually do, and keeps going at your pace rather than a timetable's.

  • Searching and planning stay free. You only pay when you start learning.
  • Your credits are yours. Regulated, and they don't vanish when a subscription ends.
  • Cancel any time and billing stops. No notice period, no minimum term.

Your path, personalised

You have the map. Walking it is the part we do together.

This route runs to 10 national skill standards. That is a real journey.

Zavmo shapes a learning experience as unique as you are. It fits how you learn, your pace and the work you already do. Every step stays benchmarked to recognised national standards. That’s the plan for becoming an Associate Learning Coordinator: personal to you, and it still counts. The first steps are free.

Independent research finds well-designed intelligent tutoring performs nearly as well as one-to-one human tutoring: VanLehn (2011), Educational Psychologist.

A private tutor in the UK averages £35–40 an hour . Zavmo is £70/month.

A real plan on learn.zavmo.ai: Ofqual-regulated units, credits, and a three-month run at your own pace.
Start free No commitment. See your first steps free.

15Where to go from here

Other roles at Level 2

Same depth of qualification, different job. Useful if the work appeals but this particular role does not.

Other roles in Learning and Development

Stay in the field you know and move sideways rather than up.

If you leave this industry

The skills you'll gain in this role—organisation, communication, project support, and a deep understanding of how businesses develop their people—are highly transferable. You could move into broader HR operations, project management in other departments, or even into client-facing roles where your ability to manage logistics and support others would be invaluable.

Not sure this is the right direction?

Work out what you actually want from work first, then come back and see which roles fit it. Takes about ten minutes.

This role profile is © 2026Growth Engineering Technologies Ltd. Built from UK occupational standards and regulated qualification data, and written for Zavmo.

You're not behind. You're right on time. The shift is only just beginning. Your role won't look the same in two years. Be the one who leads the change, not the one it happens to. Build my plan, free Here's the first ten minutes: a 2-minute confidence check → your personalised roadmap → meet the tutors matched to you. No card, cancel any time. No card. Build your plan, see your roadmap and meet the twelve tutors matched to you. All free. When you're ready to start learning, it's £70 a month, billed monthly. Cancel any time and billing stops.