The pathway
How you actually get there, here
How you become one varies far more by country than what one does. This is the UK route. Most people take one of these ways in; the right one depends on where you're starting from.
- 1
From Senior Software Engineer
5-7 years of prior experienceSkills to master
- Moving from owning code to owning system design, understanding non-functional requirements, cross-team influence, and strategic thinking.
You're ready to move on when
- You're already the 'go-to' person for complex technical problems on your team.
- You've designed and delivered at least one significant system or service end-to-end.
- You regularly mentor junior engineers and help define technical direction for your team.
- You're comfortable presenting technical concepts to a wider audience.
- 2
From Lead Developer / Tech Lead
5-8 years of prior experienceSkills to master
- Expanding your scope beyond a single team or product, thinking about enterprise-level concerns, formalising architectural documentation (ADRs), and managing technical debt strategically.
You're ready to move on when
- You've led a team through the design and delivery of multiple complex features or services.
- You're deeply involved in technical strategy and roadmapping for your product area.
- You've successfully influenced technical decisions across multiple teams without direct authority.
- You're passionate about system-level thinking and long-term technical health.
- 3
From Specialist Engineer (e.g., Senior DevOps, Data Engineer)
6-9 years of prior experienceSkills to master
- Broadening your technical expertise beyond your specialism, understanding full-stack implications, and developing a holistic view of system architecture. You'll need to connect your deep domain knowledge to the wider system.
You're ready to move on when
- You've become the recognised expert in your specialism (e.g., cloud infrastructure, data pipelines).
- You understand how your specialism impacts the wider application architecture.
- You're keen to expand your knowledge into other technical domains (e.g., application design, security).
- You've designed and implemented complex solutions within your area of expertise that integrate with many other systems.