United Kingdom · Legal · Lead (8-12 years)

Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel

Here is the whole job, in plain words. What it is, what you decide, how you're judged, how people get here and where they go next. Then the part no course gives you: twelve AI tutors who learn your work.

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As a Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel, a good place to start on Advanced Prompt Engineering & AI-Driven Legal Strategy is Planning Automation Across a Department, a free Future Fluency module at Level 5. You'd practise working out what in your department's work could be automated, what should not be, and what to recommend.

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One email: what AI is changing in this job, the new skills it asks for, where it leads, and where to start free. With a link back here. Nothing else follows unless you confirm your address.

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  • Experience bandLead (8-12 years)
  • Direct reports3-8 reports
  • Reports toPartner (Investigations) / Director of Investigations (In-house)
  • UK framework levelUsually a manager, or the deepest specialist in a team

Also advertised as Principal Fraud Lawyer · Senior Investigations Manager (Legal) · Head of Fraud Investigations (Legal) · Specialist Legal Investigator

Built on 43,079 real UK job descriptions we analysed · grounded in what real qualifications cover

1From this job to a course

The qualifications matched to this job

Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Applied Sciences Pearson Education Ltd · Level 5 · covers 3 of 10 standards
Qualifi Level 5 Diploma in Cyber Security Qualifi Ltd · Level 5 · covers 3 of 10 standards
ATHE Level 5 Extended Diploma in Computing ATHE Ltd · Level 5 · covers 3 of 10 standards
Qualifi Level 5 Extended Diploma in Cyber Security Qualifi Ltd · Level 5 · covers 3 of 10 standards
Qualifi Level 5 Extended Diploma in Networking and Cyber Security Qualifi Ltd · Level 5 · covers 3 of 10 standards
Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Computing for England Pearson Education Ltd · Level 5 · covers 3 of 10 standards

Matched from the standards this job is measured against: a suggestion, not an official ruling.

The units you would start with

Manage Forensic Investigations at Scenes Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Applied Sciences
Digital Investigations and Forensics Qualifi Level 5 Diploma in Cyber Security
Digital Forensics ATHE Level 5 Extended Diploma in Computing
Forensics Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Computing for England

The future skills this job leans on

AI Fluency working with AI as a thinking partner
Data Fluency turning numbers into a decision
AI Governance Fluency using AI responsibly
Automation Fluency building AI into how work runs
Your Plan Illustration

Built for Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel

4 units that map to this job, from the qualifications that cover it.

  1. Manage Forensic Investigations at Scenes Pearson Education Ltd · covers 3 of 10 standards Level 5
  2. Digital Investigations and Forensics Qualifi Ltd · covers 3 of 10 standards Level 5
  3. Digital Forensics ATHE Ltd · covers 3 of 10 standards Level 5
  4. Forensics Pearson Education Ltd · covers 3 of 10 standards Level 5
These are the real units behind this job, in the order they rank for it. Nothing here is marked done, because this plan has not been started by anyone yet. Yours would fill in as you go.

2AI and this work

Will AI change your work as a Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel?

Nobody can say exactly how. Here is what this job is being asked for next, and where to start.

The new skills this role is being asked for

  • Advanced Prompt Engineering & AI-Driven Legal Strategy
  • Global Data Governance & Cross-Border Enforcement
Why each one is rising

The future skills this job leans on

We'll only ever tell you what we can actually back up. No hype, no scare tactics.

What happens when you start

Next, a free account. We build your Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel plan as you set up, starting with the free Automation Fluency module. No card.

Your first Future Fluency module is free. After that, your AI tutor is £70 a month.

Keep this read. One email with what AI is changing in this job, the new skills it asks for and where to start free. Nothing else follows unless you confirm your address.

3What this role really is

Lead Investigations Counsel leads fraud investigations, directing small teams through complex cases and presenting findings to regulators or boards.

4What you'd actually use

The tools this job runs on, and how well you'd need to know each one.

eDiscovery Platforms (Relativity, Disco, Logikcull) Expert

Designing and building complex review workflows, including Technology-Assisted Review (TAR) protocols. Negotiating eDiscovery protocols with opposing counsel and training junior reviewers on platform use and best practices.

Case Management Software (Thomson Reuters HighQ, Clio Manage, Filevine) Advanced

Managing the entire lifecycle of multiple complex matters within the platform. Setting up custom workflows for evidence intake, generating detailed reports for internal teams and clients, and ensuring data integrity.

Digital Forensics & Analytics (Nuix, Brainspace, EnCase Forensic) Intermediate

Directly interacting with visual analytics tools (e.g., Brainspace's communication webs) to identify key custodians and communication patterns. Working closely with forensic experts to refine search criteria and interpret complex data outputs.

Legal Research Databases (Westlaw Edge, Lexis Advance) Expert

Using advanced features to track regulatory changes, analyse judicial citation patterns, and build comprehensive legal arguments. Finding the 'needle in a haystack' case that can turn a matter or support a novel legal theory.

Secure File Collaboration (Intralinks, Diligent, HighQ Dataroom) Advanced

Setting up and managing complex data rooms for multi-party litigation, internal investigations, or regulatory submissions. Conducting Q&A processes and ensuring robust audit trails for sensitive document sharing.

GRC & Whistleblower Systems (ServiceNow GRC, NAVEX Global, Archer) Intermediate (In-house)

Managing investigation workflows within the GRC system, including documenting findings, tracking remediation efforts, and generating reports for the audit committee. Ensuring the system supports defensible investigation processes.

5What you get to decide, and how that grows

Power in a job isn't your title. It's what you're allowed to decide. Here's how it grows as you move up.

The choiceComing in Where you are nowThe step above
Investigation Strategy & Scope Proposes initial research questions; executes defined search protocols. Develops initial investigation plan for a specific workstream; recommends search terms and custodians. Designs the overall investigation strategy, including scope, methodology, and resource allocation; makes recommendations to Partners/Directors on strategic pivots.
Budget Allocation (Investigation Expenses) Submits expense reports; flags potential overruns to supervisor. Manages budget for assigned tasks (e.g., document review hours); proposes cost-saving measures. Approves investigation-specific expenses up to £500K; makes recommendations for larger budget allocations or adjustments to Partners/Directors.
Team Management & Task Assignment Receives assigned tasks; provides status updates. Assigns tasks to junior associates/paralegals within a workstream; provides informal guidance. Directly manages 3-8 direct reports; assigns tasks across multiple workstreams; conducts performance reviews and makes hiring/firing recommendations.
Client/Regulator Communication Drafts internal memos; prepares materials for client updates. Communicates routine updates to clients/regulators under supervision; drafts initial responses to inquiries. Leads communication with key clients and regulators on factual findings and strategic positions; drafts and reviews all formal submissions.

6How you'll be judged

The scoreboard, and what is not on it. The hard targets, how often each is actually looked at, and the quiet signals that never reach a dashboard.

Case Budget Management
Managing investigation costs against approved budgets, ensuring efficiency without compromising thoroughness.
Target · Within +/- 10% of approved budget for complex matters (over £250K)

Leading an investigation with an initial budget of £300K, completing it at £320K (6.7% variance), demonstrating effective cost control despite unforeseen complexities.

Investigation Resolution Rate
The percentage of led investigations that result in a favourable outcome for the client (e.g., no charges, reduced penalties, successful internal remediation).
Target · >80% favourable outcomes for significant investigations

Successfully guiding a client through an SFO investigation that results in a Deferred Prosecution Agreement with significantly reduced penalties compared to initial demands, rather than full prosecution.

Team Productivity & Quality
The efficiency and accuracy of your direct reports and managed workstreams, ensuring high-quality output in document review, research, and analysis.
Target · Average team billable hours meet 95% of target; <2% error rate in key deliverables (e.g., privilege logs, factual summaries)

Your team consistently meets billable targets, and a random audit of document review batches shows a 99% accuracy rate in identifying privileged material, significantly reducing re-review costs.

Strategic Initiative Contribution
Leading or significantly contributing to the development and implementation of new investigation methodologies, tools, or training programmes.
Target · Lead 1-2 significant departmental initiatives per year

Architecting and rolling out a new firm-wide protocol for managing cross-border data collection in fraud cases, reducing compliance risk and improving efficiency by 15%.

Strategic Influence & Advisory
Being the 'go-to' person for Partners, Directors, and clients on complex or novel investigation challenges, demonstrating thought leadership.
  • Regularly consulted by senior colleagues on strategic case decisions
  • invited to present at client board meetings
  • recognised as an internal expert on specific regulatory areas (e.g., UKBA implications for supply chain fraud).
Mentorship & Team Development
Effectively guiding and developing your direct reports, helping them grow their legal and investigations skills.
  • Positive feedback from junior team members in 360-degree reviews
  • demonstrable progression of mentees (e.g., promotion to Senior Associate)
  • actively identifying and addressing skill gaps within your team.
Client/Stakeholder Trust & Communication
Building and maintaining strong relationships with clients, regulators, and internal stakeholders through clear, honest, and timely communication, especially during crises.
  • Clients proactively seeking your advice on new matters
  • positive feedback directly from clients or regulators
  • ability to deliver difficult news effectively and maintain trust
  • being the primary point of contact for key external parties.
Risk Anticipation & Mitigation
Proactively identifying potential legal, reputational, or operational risks within an investigation and developing strategies to mitigate them before they escalate.
  • Successfully identifying and addressing a potential privilege waiver issue before production
  • flagging a novel regulatory interpretation that could impact the case
  • developing a proactive communications strategy for a sensitive internal matter.

7Would you like it

Both sides. What people enjoy, and what grinds them down.

What people enjoy
Uncovering the Truth

Spending hours meticulously cross-referencing documents and interview notes, feeling a genuine thrill when a key piece of information clicks into place. You'll enjoy the process of deconstructing a complex lie.

You're the one who spots the discrepancy between a travel expense report and the company's booking system, leading to the discovery of a phantom vendor scheme.

Strategic Problem Solving

You love the intellectual challenge of designing an investigation strategy for a novel fraud scheme, anticipating the other side's moves, and figuring out how to legally and ethically outmanoeuvre them. It's like a high-stakes chess game.

Developing a novel legal argument to compel production of offshore bank records, when standard approaches have failed.

Protecting Clients/Organisation

The satisfaction of knowing your work directly prevents significant financial losses, reputational damage, or regulatory penalties for your client or company. You're driven by the tangible impact of your legal defence.

Successfully negotiating with a regulator to significantly reduce a proposed fine, saving the client millions because of the strength of your investigation and presentation.

What frustrates people
  • The 'Document Abyss': Spending thousands of hours reviewing emails, only to find 99.9% are irrelevant, but knowing that 0.1% holds the smoking gun.
  • The 'Amnesiac Witness': Interviewing subjects who suddenly can't recall key events, forcing you to rebuild the timeline painstakingly from documents.
  • Scope Creep & Budget Battles: Investigations often uncover new threads, leading to constant negotiations with clients about expanding scope and budget.
  • Political Minefields: Navigating internal investigations where the target is a powerful executive, facing immense pressure to 'find nothing' or soften findings.
  • The Waiting Game: The excruciating silence after submitting findings to a regulator, where the client's fate hangs in the balance for months or years.
  • Delivering Devastating News: The emotional burden of informing a board of massive fraud or telling a long-serving employee they're being terminated for cause.
What this role does not give you
  • A predictable 9-5 schedule; investigations often demand flexibility and late nights.
  • Constant external validation; much of your work is highly confidential and its impact isn't publicly celebrated.
  • A 'clean' environment; you'll be dealing with deceit, corruption, and difficult personalities.
  • A role where you can avoid conflict; challenging assumptions and confronting difficult truths is core to the job.

8Who you work with

This role directly shapes the firm's or in-house legal department's response to critical fraud events, influencing the strategic direction of investigations and the ultimate legal and financial outcomes for our clients or organisation. Your decisions here can prevent or mitigate significant financial penalties, reputational damage, and legal exposure, safeguarding the company's long-term viability and market position.

Inside the business
  • Other Legal Leads (Litigation, Regulatory, Compliance)
  • Internal Audit and Risk Management teams
  • CFO and Finance Leadership
  • Executive Board members (especially Audit Committee)
  • Forensic Accounting and IT Security teams
Outside the business
  • Regulators (e.g., SFO, FCA, HMRC, DOJ, SEC)
  • External auditors
  • Opposing counsel in related litigation
  • External forensic experts and eDiscovery vendors
  • Key client executives and their boards

9What you need before you start

Not a wish list. The things you would be expected to already have.

  • Proven experience (8-12 years) as a qualified solicitor or barrister in England & Wales, specialising in fraud, white-collar crime, or regulatory investigations, or equivalent experience in a relevant in-house role.
  • Demonstrable experience leading significant workstreams or small teams within complex investigations, including managing eDiscovery, witness interviews, and factual development.
  • Strong track record of drafting high-quality legal advice, factual summaries, and regulatory submissions that have withstood scrutiny.
  • Experience in direct client and/or regulator engagement, demonstrating strong communication and negotiation skills.
  • A deep understanding of the litigation lifecycle and evidence rules, particularly as they apply to fraud cases.

10What to practise next

Where the job is going, and what to do about it starting this week.

Advanced Digital Forensics & Cyber Investigation Oversight

Fraud increasingly involves complex cyber elements, from ransomware attacks enabling fraud to sophisticated digital evidence concealment. A Lead Counsel needs to understand these technical nuances to effectively direct forensic experts and build a robust case.

Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) Data Analysis · Blockchain Forensics & Cryptocurrency Tracing · Cloud Environment Forensics · Attribution & Threat Intelligence Integration

  • This quarter: Complete an introductory course on cyber security fundamentals or digital forensics for legal professionals.
  • Next 6 months: Work closely with our internal or external cyber forensic teams on a complex cyber-enabled fraud investigation, actively engaging in technical discussions.
  • Next 12 months: Develop a standard operating procedure for responding to cyber-enabled fraud incidents, integrating legal and technical responses.
  • Ongoing: Read industry reports and attend specialist webinars on emerging cyber threats and forensic techniques.

Quick win: For your next investigation involving digital evidence, schedule a deep-dive session with the forensic team to understand their tools and methods in detail. Ask 'why' they do things a certain way.

11Staying current once you are in

What people here do to keep up
  • Regularly attending and presenting at industry conferences on fraud, white-collar crime, and regulatory enforcement.
  • Publishing articles or thought leadership pieces on emerging trends in fraud investigations or legal tech.
  • Participating in professional legal networks and associations focused on financial crime or investigations.
  • Mentoring junior lawyers and actively contributing to internal training programmes.
  • Undertaking continuous professional development (CPD) in areas like cyber security law, data privacy, and AI in legal practice.

12The rising capability

The rising capability

Zavmo analysis

What's rising in its place

This is where the work is heading, and the higher pay with it. Get fluent here and the shift stops being a threat and starts being your edge.

Advanced Prompt Engineering & AI-Driven Legal Strategy

Generative AI is already transforming legal research and drafting. For a Lead Counsel, the future isn't just about using these tools, but about strategically integrating them into investigation workflows to accelerate insights and develop novel legal arguments. Competitors who master this will gain a significant edge.

  • Multi-modal AI for Evidence Analysis
  • AI for Predictive Analytics in Investigations
  • Ethical AI Use & Hallucination Detection
  • AI-Assisted Legal Argument Generation

Global Data Governance & Cross-Border Enforcement

Fraud is increasingly global, meaning investigations often involve data and witnesses across multiple jurisdictions with conflicting data privacy laws and enforcement regimes. Navigating this without missteps is becoming a critical strategic skill.

  • Data Localisation Requirements
  • Blocking Statutes & Data Protection Laws
  • Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs)
  • Cloud Data Forensics

13What you’ll use

What you’ll use

Skills this role draws on

Technical

  • Privilege Review & Work Product Doctrine (Expert)
  • Witness Interviewing (PEACE/Cognitive) (Expert)
  • Forensic Evidence & Chain of Custody (Advanced)
  • Regulatory Framework Application (FCPA, UKBA, AML, SOX) (Expert)
  • Internal Investigation Protocols (Expert)
  • Asset Tracing & Financial Analysis (Advanced)

14The pathway

The pathway

How you actually get there, here

How you become one varies far more by country than what one does. This is the UK route. Most people take one of these ways in; the right one depends on where you're starting from.

  1. 1

    Senior Investigations Counsel (Internal Promotion)

    5-8 years PQE

    Skills to master

    • Leading smaller matters end-to-end, managing client relationships, supervising junior associates, and developing expertise in specific regulatory areas. You'll need to demonstrate consistent delivery and a proactive approach to problem-solving.

    You're ready to move on when

    • Successfully led 3-5 internal or smaller external investigations with minimal supervision.
    • Consistently received positive client feedback on your direct engagement and advice.
    • Demonstrated ability to mentor 1-2 junior team members effectively.
    • Proactively identified and resolved complex legal or factual issues in your matters.
  2. 2

    Senior Associate / Managing Associate (External Hire)

    7-10 years PQE

    Skills to master

    • Transferable skills in complex litigation, white-collar defence, or regulatory enforcement. A strong understanding of the investigation lifecycle, evidence handling, and client management is crucial. You'll need to quickly adapt to our firm's specific protocols and client base.

    You're ready to move on when

    • Strong track record from a reputable law firm or in-house legal department in a similar specialism.
    • Experience managing significant workstreams or leading smaller matters independently.
    • Excellent references highlighting leadership potential and technical expertise.
    • A clear understanding of the commercial realities and client expectations in fraud investigations.

15Where this role leads

The long view: This work can lead to running an investigations practice group, heading global investigations in-house, or becoming a chief litigation officer or general counsel.

The ten Future Fluencies

Zavmo analysis

The credential is what you can do today. These are what keep you valuable.

A qualification proves you can do the job as it's defined today. These ten are what decide whether you're still the obvious person for it in five years. They're the capabilities employers are now writing into senior roles faster than people are learning them. Zavmo weaves them through whatever you study, so you come out with both: the credential and the fluency.

The highlighted ones are the Fluencies your role leans on hardest, from how Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel is actually changing.

How you would learn this

One to one, on the work you already do

A tutor sets the task against your own job and marks the reasoning, at your pace. There is no cohort to fall behind.

A lesson from Manage Forensic Investigations at Scenes, worked against Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel.

Manage Forensic Investigations at Scenes Level 5

Applied to your work in Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel

This unit aims to equip learners with the skills and knowledge to effectively manage forensic investigations at crime scenes. Learners will investigate and evaluate appropriate methods for evidence collection, packing, storage, and continuity maintenance, demonstrating correct recovery procedures. They will also facilitate the submission of forensic material for expert analysis and prepare comprehensive reports.

How the thinking builds
  1. 1 Remember
  2. 2 Understand
  3. 3 Apply
  4. 4 Analyse
  5. 5 Evaluate
  6. 6 Create
An illustration of a Zavmo lesson, built from this role’s own route. The unit, its objective and every criterion above are the awarding body’s own words, not an example.

It is £70 a month, billed monthly. Your free first module is Future Fluency, and you can cancel any time.

See Your Progress Grow Illustration
Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel
  • Privilege Review & Work Product Doctrine (Expert)
  • Witness Interviewing (PEACE/Cognitive) (Expert)
  • Forensic Evidence & Chain of Custody (Advanced)
  • Regulatory Framework Application (FCPA, UKBA, AML, SOX) (Expert)
  • Internal Investigation Protocols (Expert)
  • Asset Tracing & Financial Analysis (Advanced)
This is your Mind Palace on learn.zavmo.ai. Every skill above comes from this role's own record, not an example borrowed from another job. A node lights up when you evidence it, and what you build stays yours between jobs. That is the part a course cannot do.

16The detail, folded away

Everything else the record holds

The career branches in full, how AI is already showing up in the day-to-day, and the questions people ask about this job. Here when you want them, out of the way while you decide.

Where it leads next, rung by rung

Where it leads

The career path, and where it branches

Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel is a start, not a ceiling. Each step below asks for new skills and hands back more autonomy.

  1. Partner (Investigations) / Director of Investigations (In-house)

    3-5 years from Lead Counsel

    This is a jump to a Level 5 role. You'll move from architecting individual cases to directing a portfolio of high-stakes matters, originating new business (in private practice), or managing the entire investigations function for a business unit (in-house).

    • Evaluating and selecting eDiscovery/forensic vendors at an enterprise level
    • Negotiating multi-million-pound settlements or regulatory resolutions
    • Advising boards on systemic compliance risks and governance frameworks
    • Developing and implementing firm/department-wide investigation policies and procedures
Working with AI on the job

Working with AI

Where AI is starting to help

Let's be real, fraud investigations are often a grind. Mountains of documents, endless review, and the constant pressure to find that one crucial piece of evidence. But what if you could cut through the noise, accelerate your insights, and free up significant time for strategic thinking? That's exactly what AI can do for a Lead Investigations Counsel.

We're not talking about replacing lawyers; we're talking about giving you a powerful co-pilot. AI tools are rapidly transforming how we conduct eDiscovery, analyse evidence, and even draft reports. For a Lead Counsel, this means you can design more efficient workflows, gain faster insights, and ultimately deliver better, quicker results for our clients. It's about working smarter, not just harder.

Automated Privilege Screening Design

Instead of manually reviewing millions of documents for privilege, you'll design and oversee AI models that perform a first-pass screen. You'll train the AI on key legal concepts and then focus your team's efforts on the complex, borderline calls. This dramatically reduces review time and costs, letting your team concentrate on substantive legal issues.

Strategic Insight Acceleration via Concept Clustering

Use advanced AI analytics tools (like Brainspace) to instantly group millions of documents by concept, even if they don't share keywords. As Lead Counsel, you'll direct these analyses to quickly identify key themes, communication patterns, and 'unknown unknowns' early in a case, allowing you to pivot your strategy in days, not months. This is about finding the story hidden in the data, fast.

AI-Powered Deposition & Interview Prep

Feed all relevant documents, emails, and previous interview transcripts for a key witness into a generative AI tool. You can then 'interrogate' the AI, asking questions like 'What did this witness know about the offshore accounts in Q2 2021?' to instantly pull relevant evidence and build a comprehensive, bulletproof preparation outline. This cuts down hours of manual document collation.

First-Draft Investigation Summaries & Chronologies

Once hot documents are identified and key interviews completed, use an AI assistant to generate a first draft of factual summaries, chronologies, or even sections of your investigation report. The AI can quickly piece together a narrative, allowing you to spend your valuable time refining the legal analysis, adding nuance, and ensuring accuracy, rather than staring at a blank page.

Common questions

Common questions

How do you become a Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel?

Common routes in include Senior Investigations Counsel (Internal Promotion) (5-8 years PQE) and Senior Associate / Managing Associate (External Hire) (7-10 years PQE). Times vary with prior experience.

Where can a Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel progress to?

This role can lead on to Partner (Investigations) / Director of Investigations (In-house) (3-5 years from Lead Counsel), depending on the skills you build.

What new skills matter most for a Lead Investigations Counsel / Special Counsel?

Increasingly, Advanced Prompt Engineering & AI-Driven Legal Strategy and Global Data Governance & Cross-Border Enforcement. These are the skills our record of this role lists as growing.

Free tools

Want a read on where you stand?

Three free tools, no account needed. Each one ends with a role, a level and a way in.

17Where to go from here

Other roles at Level 5

Same depth of qualification, different job. Useful if the work appeals but this particular role does not.

More jobs in legal

Stay in the field you know and move sideways rather than up.

If you leave this industry

Skills in fraud investigation, regulatory enforcement and complex problem-solving carry across sectors. They can lead to senior roles in regulatory bodies such as the SFO or FCA, roles like head of financial crime in financial institutions, or advisory work in forensic consulting.

This role profile is © 2026 Growth Engineering Technologies Ltd. Built from UK occupational standards and regulated qualification data, and written for Zavmo.

You're not behind. You're right on time. The shift is only just beginning. Your role won't look the same in two years. Be the one who leads the change, not the one it happens to. Start my free Automation Fluency module What happens next: a free account, then we build your plan as you set up. No card. Build your plan, see your roadmap and meet the twelve tutors matched to you. All free. When you're ready to start learning, it's £70 a month, billed monthly. Cancel any time and billing stops.